Delhi Sultanate ( 1206 - 1526 )

First Sultan: Qutb-ud-din Aibak ( Slave/Mamluk Dynasty )

Last Sultan:  Ibrahim Lodi ( Lodi Dynasty )

Capitals:  Delhi (1206-1327) --> Daulatabad (1327-1327) --> Delhi (1334-1506) --> Agra (1506-1526)

The Delhi Sultanate is a term used to cover five short-lived dynasties, Delhi based kingdoms or sultanates, mostly of Turkic and Pashtun (Afghan) origin in mediaeval India. The sultanates ruled from Delhi between 1206 and 1526, when the last was replaced by the Mughal dynasty. The five dynasties were the Mamluk dynasty (1206–90); the Khilji dynasty (1290–1320); the Tughlaq dynasty (1320–1414); the Sayyid dynasty (1414–51); and the Afghan Lodi dynasty (1451–1526).

"Writs" Provision in Indian Constitution

Writ is a formal order in writing issued under seal by Supreme Court or High Court commanding an officer or other person to whom it is issued, to do or refrain from doing some act specified therein.

Indian Constitution empowers Supreme Court and High Court to issue writs for the enforcement of fundamental rights conferred by Part III (Article 32 - Supreme Court & Article 226 – High Court) of Indian Constitution. Thus the power to issue writs is primarily a provision made to make available the Right to Constitutional Remedies to every citizen. 

Types of Writ: 

• Habeas corpus
• Mandamus
• Prohibition
• Certiorari 
• Quo-warranto

Math Tutorial - 01: Concept of Digit Sum

What is Digit Sum?

For a given number digit sum is the sum of all its digits. If the sum is greater than 9 then its digits are again added to get the new sum until its sum lies between 1 and 9 i.e. a single digit number.

Examples:

Number	Digit Sum
34	3+4=7
123	1+2+3=6
7468	7+4+6+8=25,  2+5=7
332173	3+3+2+1+7+3=19,   1+9=10,   1+0=1
123456789	1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9=45,    4+5=9

Cubes & Cuboids

A cube is a three dimensional solid structure which has,

• 6 Faces
• 8 Vertices or corners
• 12 Edges

Now we want to cut this cube to make smaller cubes. We can do this by slicing the cube along XY, YZ and XZ planes. To get maximum number of smaller cubes with minimum number of required cuts, we should cut in equal numbers along all three axes.

Let n be the number of smaller cubes along each edge.

ASEAN

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, or ASEAN, was established on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand, with the signing of the ASEAN Declaration (Bangkok Declaration) by the Founding Fathers of ASEAN, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand.

Brunei Darussalam then joined on 7 January 1984, Viet Nam on 28 July 1995, Lao PDR and Myanmar on 23 July 1997, and Cambodia on 30 April 1999, making up what is today the ten Member States of ASEAN.

The motto of ASEAN is "One Vision, One Identity, One Community"

Lodhi Dynasty (1451-1526)

Founded by:  Bahlul Lodhi

Last Ruler: Ibrahim Lodhi

Language: Pashto (Native), Persian (Official)

Sayyid Dynasty  <--  Lodhi Dynasty  -->  Mughal Empire

Lodhi Dynasty was the last Dynasty of Delhi Saltanate. It was founded by Bahlul Lodhi in 1451 who was the Ghizlai tribe of the Afghans. There were three main rulers in the history of Lodi dynasty.

Memory Trick:   BSI  ( Botanical Survey of India)

B ---- Bahlul Lodhi

S ---- Sikandar Lodhi

I  ---- Ibrahim Lodhi

Important Foreign Visitors To India In Ancient & Medieval Times

Memory Trick:   FIFTH MAN SWAM

F ----- Fahien (Chinese Buddhist monk)

I  ----- Ibn Batuta (Moroccon traveler)

F ----- Francois Bernier (French physician)

T ----- Thomas Roe (English diplomat)

H ----- Huien Tsang (Chinese traveler)

M ----- Megasthenes (Ambassador of Selucus of Greek)

A ----- Alberuni (Persian Scholar)

N ----- Nicolo Conti (Italian merchant)